The sector is still marked by a low access rate to electricity (22%), the use of fossil fuels which are a source of greenhouse gas emissions, and a very high average cost per kWh(USD 0.26). Several reforms were undertaken in the sector in recent years, including the adoption of the 2018 Power Code and the implementation of the electricity tariff reform (optima23) in 2021. However, the sector's performance is strongly linked to that of the National Power Utility and Water Services Company (JIRAMA), which is the main operator in the power sub-sector. The predominance of thermal production with the use of fossil fuels (GO, HFO) and the unpaid arrears owed to energy suppliers, which has been in deficit for over a decade, are putting a strain on the company's financial situation. Measures such as contract renegotiation with suppliers  and hybridization of thermal power plants have been carried out since 2019 to decentralize the energy sector and improve the company's financial situation. Large transmission network projects (PRIRTEM) financed by the Bank and other partners are being implemented. Major hydropower projects (Sahofika, Volobe) aimed at increasing production and developed through PPPs are experiencing significant delays. Contracts for the 205 MW Sahofika Project (expandable to 300 MW) were signed in November 2021. The completion of this project will contribute to a significant reduction in the cost per kWh, increase access and improve JIRAMA's financial situation.

• Ministry of Water, Energy and Hydrocarbons Madagascar
• Jiro sy rano malagasy (JIRAMA)
• OFFICE DE REGULATION DE L'ELECTRICITE
• Agency for the Development of Renewable Energy

LAWS

• Law No. 98-032 on energy of 1999
• Loi 2017-020 du 10 Avril 2018
• Tableau comparatif des Lois 98 - 032 et 2017 -020.
• Loi 2002-001 du 7 octobre 2002 : Portant création du Fonds National de L'Electricité (F.N.E.)
• Loi 2015-039 du 9 décembre 2015 : sur le Partenariat Public Privé (P.P.P.)

DECREES

• Décret 2021-326 du 24 mars 2021
• Décret 2001-173 du 28 février 2001
• Décrets 2001-803 du 19 septembre 2001 et 2003-194 du 4 mars 2003
• Décret 2001-849 du 26 septembre 2001
• Décrets 2002-1550 du 3 décembre 2002 et 2003-510
• Décret 2003-804 du 16 juillet 2003
• Décret 2004-013 du 7 janvier 2004 :
• Décret 2004-687 du 5 juillet 2004
• Décret 2005-062 du 25 janvier 2005

ORDERS

• Arrêté N° 6678 / 2001
• Arrêté N° 86/88-MEM
• Arrêté N° 3910/2009-MdE
• Arrêté 2005-1055

PROCEDURES

• Contrôle de conformité des installations électriques – Procédures